Nesenbergs Krisjanis, Blumbergs Eduards, Paikens Pēteris. Cyber-physical systems: Securing latvia’s future. Cybersecurity in Latvia: Forging Resilience amidst Emerging Threats, 233 - 263 pp. Routledge, 2025.
Bibtex citation:
Bibtex citation:
@article{19815_2025,
author = {Nesenbergs Krisjanis and Blumbergs Eduards and Paikens Pēteris},
title = {Cyber-physical systems: Securing latvia’s future},
journal = {Cybersecurity in Latvia: Forging Resilience amidst Emerging Threats},
pages = {233 - 263},
publisher = {Routledge},
year = {2025}
}
author = {Nesenbergs Krisjanis and Blumbergs Eduards and Paikens Pēteris},
title = {Cyber-physical systems: Securing latvia’s future},
journal = {Cybersecurity in Latvia: Forging Resilience amidst Emerging Threats},
pages = {233 - 263},
publisher = {Routledge},
year = {2025}
}
Abstract: A significant area of future threats is caused by the growing prevalence of consumer wireless devices, such as smartphones, wearables, and Internet of Things devices, that have become increasingly intertwined in our daily lives, forming a reality of cyber-physical systems, but there is a lack of security awareness and motivation of manufacturers to secure these devices. Specifically, most of these devices use wireless communication and that uses a broad range of protocols – 4G and 5G cellular data networks, WiFi, Bluetooth, and Bluetooth Low Energy, and mesh protocols such as Zigbee. As the prevalence of such devices increases and the barrier of entry for attackers decrease, for example, due to low-cost software-defined radios, these vulnerabilities and related preventive measures must be better understood. In this chapter, we analyze the current and near-future threats to cyber-physical environments and provide a review of vulnerabilities in both consumer and commercial devices in order to evaluate the risks posed by them to the general society. With this classification, we also propose potential mitigation actions that could be developed by the security community or the government to mitigate these risks and improve resilience.